JOHN D ANDERSON

the core book of aeronautical  engineering by god of aerodynamics for students who are going to attempt GATE 2016

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BzWLxjOfm4YGVlFic09kbHhKWXc/view?usp=sharing

John D. Anderson, Jr. (born October 1, 1937) is the Curator of Aerodynamics at the National Air and Space Museum at theSmithsonian Institution in Washington, DC and Professor Emeritus in the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Maryland, College Park.

Biography

John D. Anderson, Jr. was born on October 1, 1937 in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. He enrolled at the University of Florida in Gainesvillein approximately 1953. In 1959, he earned a Bachelor's degree in Aeronautical Engineering with high honors. In 1959, he was hired by the United States Air Force to become a Task Scientist at the Aerospace Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base inDayton, Ohio. He stayed in that position until 1962, when he enrolled at The Ohio State University in Columbus under fellowships from the National Science Foundation and NASA. In 1966, Anderson earned his Ph.D. in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from Ohio State. That same year, he joined the United States Naval Ordnance Laboratory in White Oak, Maryland, becoming the Chief of the Hypersonic Group.^[1]

In 1973, Anderson joined the faculty of the University of Maryland, becoming Chairman of the Department of Aerospace Engineering. He became Professor of Aerospace Engineering in 1980, serving in that capacity until 1999, when he retired and was namedProfessor Emeritus. He also served as an affiliate member of the History Department at UMD.

He is currently the Curator of Aerodynamics at the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum.

SOLOARCOPTER

A team of masters students from the Queen Mary, University of London is hoping to develop the world’s first photovoltaic multi-copter. Dubbed "Solarcopter," the team's creation is a solar powered remote controlled helicopter-prototype designed for multipurpose applications.

“The Solarcopter was inspired from the love of flight, and the urge to do something different for the aviation industry,” the Queen Mary students told Gizmag. “When the realization came that there were no solar powered helicopters in existence, it seemed like a great engineering challenge to take on.”

The very first Solarcopter prototype was designed to fly solely from energy generated from a photovoltaic panel, but with the assistance of a reserve battery that was also charged by the copter’s solar panel. “The reserve battery was used whenever the panel could not provide the required power to keep the helicopter in the air, such as cloudy weather,” said the students.

Since then, the students have been able to further enhance the model so it can fly, take off and hover without the need of the reserve battery. “With the current design it will fly for as long as the Sun shines in theory and we have tested this experimentally for a substantial amount of time,” the students explained. “There is still a lot of work to do, but we are pleased to say that we have proved that it works.”

To date, the process has been a lengthy one for the students, as most of the Solarcopter parts are handmade and the students have even designed their own Sun simulator for testing. The team has conducted extensive experimental tests in order to maximize its potential and have modeled many different aspects of the design using various engineering software to develop their understanding and the prototype further.

When developed further, the students say the Solarcopter will be useful for a range of applications such as; surveillance, search and rescue, cheaper transportation, and even traffic management.

“What you must realize is that this concept has the ability to increase flight, and therefore increase the range of traditional helicopters, but also give a solar aircraft the hovering and maneuvering abilities of a helicopter,” explained the students. “These attributes, coupled with the cost effective energy source to run the concept make it very special indeed.”

The students are currently working hard on refining their design with the hope of further enhancing the prototype so they can add cameras, GPS systems, and other useful components that could aid it in its various applications.

"We are still looking for opportunities to reduce the weight of the current design and increase the thrust. We are also working on improving our stability and control of the aircraft and at the same time finding areas where we can further increase its efficiency," said the students. “The ideal goal would be to reach a feasible design that is strong, light and powerful enough to conduct all the purposes mentioned.”

You can see the Queen Mary students hard at work on the Solarcopter project in the video below. Unfortunately, there's no vision of the Solarcopter actually flying, but such video is promised. For now, the still images are the only evidence.

Source: Queen Mary University of London via Designboom

GATE AE 2016 GUIDANCE TO STUDY AT HOME

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ROBOTIC LANDING GEAR

If one thing could make Mission Impossible stunts even cooler, it’s robotic landing gear.

DARPA conducted an experimental demonstration with a chopper containing four insect-like legs that make landing on uneven and moving surfaces easier and more stable.

The articulated, jointed legs can fold up next to the helicopter’s fuselage while in flight. During landing, the legs use force-sensitive contact sensors to determine the right angle to land in real time. In other words, it's basically a flying metal spider.

The experimental demonstration showed that one of the potential benefits included “landing and take-off on sloping terrain of up to 20 degrees, more than twice current limits,” according to a news piece from DARPA.

Other bonuses include reduced risk of damage during hard landings and the ability to land on ships in violent sea states.

Buckle up, kids, looks like it’s a smooth ride from here.

Helicopters are incredibly maneuverable in the air, but during landing and takeoff their traditional skid- and wheel-based landing gear requires stable, flat surfaces—surfaces that are often unavailable in helicopter-needy environs such as forward operating areas, ships at sea and natural-disaster zones. Having the ability to land on and take off from angled, irregular and moving surfaces would greatly expand the effectiveness of helicopters across many military and national security missions.

As part of its effort to provide such a breakthrough capability, DARPA has conducted an experimental demonstration of a novel robotic landing gear system. The adaptive system replaces standard landing gear with four articulated, jointed legs that are able to fold up next to the helicopter’s fuselage while in flight and are equipped with force-sensitive contact sensors in their feet. During landing, each leg extends and uses its sensors to determine in real time the appropriate angle to assume to ensure that the helicopter stays level and minimize any risk of the rotor touching the landing area.

“The equipment—mounted on an otherwise unmodified, unmanned helicopter—successfully demonstrated the ability to land and take off from terrain that would be impossible to operate from with standard landing gear,” said Ashish Bagai, DARPA program manager. Bagai described the previously unreleased results of the flight demonstration at Wait, What? A Future Technology Forum, in St. Louis.

Along with comprehensive dynamic simulation and structural analyses, the demonstration flight—conducted near Atlanta—indicated numerous potential benefits, Bagai said, including:

• Reduced risk of damage during hard landings, by as much as a factor of five, compared to conventional landing gear
• Stable landing and take-off on sloping terrain of up to 20 degrees, more than twice current limits, and on craggy, boulder-strewn or otherwise irregular terrain
• Ship landings in violent sea states
• Significant increase in capabilities with only a modest increase in landing gear weight

The robotic landing gear system was developed with funding from DARPA’s Mission Adaptive Rotor (MAR) program, and is now undergoing continued development by the Georgia Institute of Technology.

GATE 2016 AEROSPACE ENGINEERING REFERENCE BOOKS

AERODYNAMICS

1. Fundamentals of Aerodynamics - John D. Anderson, Jr.
2. Aerodynamics for Engineering Students - E.L. Houghton, P.W. Carpenter

OTHER REFERENCE BOOKS:

• Gas Dynamics - E. Rathakrishnan
• Modern Compressible flow - John D. Anderson, Jr.

FLIGHT MECHANICS (Performance, Stability & Control)

1. Introduction to Flight - John D. Anderson, Jr.

OTHER REFERENCE BOOKS:

• Aircraft Performance & Design - John D. Anderson, Jr.
• Airplane Performance, Stability and Control - Perkins & Hage

ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics - Erwin Kreyszig
   Advanced Engineering Mathematics - RK Jain, SRK Iyengar
2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics - HK Dass

PROPULSION

1. Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Propulsion - Hill & Peterson
2. Gas Turbines  - V Ganesan

OTHER REFERENCE BOOKS:

• Elements of Rocket Propulsion - George P. Sutton
• Elements of Gas Turbine Propulsion - Jack D Mattingly

STRUCTURES

1. A Textbook of Strength of Materials - RK Bansal

OTHER REFERENCE BOOKS:

• Aircraft Structures for engineering students - THG Megson
• Strength of Materials - Stephen Timoshenko

COMMENT HERE FOR BOOKS PDF TO DOWNLOAD

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GATE 2016 AEROSPACE ENGINEERING SYLLABUS DETAILED

AE

Aerospace Engineering

Important Note for Candidates : In each of the following subjects the topics have been divided into two categories – Core Topics and Special Topics. The corresponding sections of the question paper will contain 90% of their questions on Core Topics and the remaining 10% on Special Topics.

Section1: Engineering Mathematics
Core Topics:
Linear Algebra: Vector algebra, Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, rank of a matrix, eigenvalues and eigenvectors.

Calculus: Functions of single variable, limits, continuity and differentiability, mean value theorem, chain rule, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, gradient, divergence and curl, directional derivatives. Integration, Line, surface and volume integrals. Theorems of Stokes, Gauss and Green.
Differential Equations: First order linear and nonlinear differential equations, higher order linear ODEs with constant coefficients. Partial differential equations and separation of variables methods.

Special Topics:
Fourier Series, Laplace Transforms, Numerical methods for linear and nonlinear algebraic equations, Numerical integration and differentiation.

Section 2: Flight Mechanics
Core Topics:

Basics: Atmosphere: Properties, standard atmosphere. Classification of aircraft. Airplane (fixed wing aircraft) configuration and various parts;
Airplane performance: Pressure altitude; equivalent, calibrated, indicated air speeds; Primary flight instruments: Altimeter, ASI, VSI, Turn-bank indicator. Drag polar; takeoff and landing; steady climb & descent, absolute and service ceiling; cruise, cruise climb, endurance or loiter; load factor, turning flight, V-n diagram; Winds: head, tail & cross winds;
Static stability: Angle of attack, sideslip; roll, pitch & yaw controls; longitudinal stick fixed & free stability, horizontal tail position and size; directional stability, vertical tail position and size; dihedral stability. Wing dihedral, sweep & position; hinge moments, stick forces;

Special Topics:
Dynamic stability: Euler angles; Equations of motion; aerodynamic forces and moments, stability & control derivatives; decoupling of longitudinal and lateral-directional dynamics; longitudinal modes; lateral-directional modes.

Section 3: Space Dynamics
Core Topics:
Central force motion, determination of trajectory and orbital period in simple cases.

Special Topics:
Orbit transfer, in-plane and out-of-plane.

Section 4: Aerodynamics

Core Topics:

Basic Fluid Mechanics: Conservation laws: Mass, momentum (Integral and differential form);
Potential flow theory: sources, sinks, doublets, line vortex and their superposition; Viscosity, Reynold's number.

Airfoils and wings: Airfoil nomenclature; Aerodynamic coefficients: lift, drag and moment; Kutta-Joukoswki theorem; Thin airfoil theory, Kutta condition, starting vortex; Finite wing theory: Induced drag, Prandtl lifting line theory; Critical and drag divergence Mach number.
Compressible Flows: Basic concepts of compressibility, Conservation equations; One dimensional compressible flows, Fanno flow, Rayleigh flow; Isentropic flows, normal and oblique shocks, Prandtl-Meyer flow; Flow through nozzles and diffusers.

Special Topics:
Elementary ideas of viscous flows including boundary layers; Wind Tunnel Testing: Measurement and visualization techniques.

Section 5: Structures

Core Topics:

Strength of Materials: States of stress and strain. Stress and strain transformation. Mohr's Circle. Principal stresses. Three-dimensional Hooke's law. Plane stress and strain; Failure theories: Maximum stress, Tresca and von Mises; Strain energy. Castigliano's principles. Analysis of statically determinate and indeterminate trusses and beams. Elastic flexural buckling of columns.
Flight vehicle structures: Characteristics of aircraft structures and materials. Torsion, bending and flexural shear of thin-walled sections. Loads on aircraft.

Structural Dynamics:. Free and forced vibrations of undamped and damped SDOF systems. Free vibrations of undamped 2-DOF systems.

Special Topics:
Vibration of beams.

Theory of elasticity: Equilibrium and compatibility equations, Airy’s stress function.

Section 6: Propulsion

Core Topics:

Basics: Thermodynamics, boundary layers and heat transfer and combustion thermochemistry.
Thermodynamics of aircraft engines: Thrust, efficiency and engine performance of turbojet, turboprop, turbo shaft, turbofan and ramjet engines, thrust augmentation of turbojets and turbofan engines. Aerothermodynamics of non-rotating propulsion components such as intakes, combustor and nozzle.

Axial compressors: Angular momentum, work and compression, characteristic performance of a single axial compressor stage, efficiency of the compressor and degree of reaction.
Axial turbines: Axial turbine stage efficiency

Centrifugal compressor: Centrifugal compressor stage dynamics, inducer, impeller and diffuser.
Rocket propulsion: Thrust equation and specific impulse, vehicle acceleration, drag, gravity losses, multi-staging of rockets. Classification of chemical rockets, performance

Syllabus for General Aptitude (GA)
(COMMON TO ALL PAPERS)

Verbal Ability: English grammar, sentence completion, verbal analogies, word groups,
instructions, critical reasoning and verbal deduction.

Numerical Ability: Numerical computation, numerical estimation, numerical reasoning and data
interpretation.

as today is the first day of our blog i the first flight video                   (curtosy  from HINDUSTHAN TIMES)

Move over Wright brothers -- it was Shivkar Bapuji Talpade who first flew a flying machine over Chowpatty in 1895, eight years before the American siblings.

This “flight” was apparently based on sage Bharadwaja’s aviation knowledge, which included “war planes” and aircraft doubling up as “submarines”, according to the abstract of a paper to be presented at the 102nd Indian Science Congress in Mumbai on January 4.

“Ancient Sanskrit literature is full of descriptions of flying machines -- vimanas. From the many documents found it is evident that scientist-sages Agastya and Bharadwaja had developed the lore of aircraft construction,” says the abstract of the paper on ancient aviation to be presented by Captain Anand Bodas and Ameya Jadhav.

Union minister Prakash Javadekar is expected to inaugurate the session on Ancient Sciences through Sanskrit. The vice-chancellor of Kalidasa Sanskrit University, Bhopal, will preside over the session.

Abstracts of papers for the session are up on the website of Mumbai University’s Sanskrit department whose head Gauri Mahulikar will coordinate the event.

A paper on aviation says Bharadwaja prescribed a suitable suit for pilots and mentioned “25 types of viruses in the atmosphere which attack the human skin, bones and the whole body”. The pilot’s attire would be “virus-proof, water-proof and shock-proof”.

Another paper, by Ayurvedic physician Ashwin Sawant, will talk about advanced surgeries in 6,000 BC as talked about in the Rig Veda, a text professional historians place around 1,500 BC.

“We are basing everything on evidence from the texts,” Sawant told HT.

“They performed cranial, ophthalmic and reconstructive (plastic) surgeries, plucked damaged eyeballs, extracted dead foetuses from wombs and even removed live foetuses from dead mothers,” says his paper on surgery.

Mahulikar said many saw Sanskrit as a language of religion and philosophy, but it was also a language of science. “There are references to dissection and autopsy in ancient Sanskrit texts. Sushruta says a corpse was floated for three days in a river. It swelled and all muscles and nerves could then be seen transparently.”

The session will have an exhibition of instruments that were used for surgeries performed by Sushruta, the ancient master of surgery. “If a thorn pierces a foot, there would be a particular kind of instrument to remove it. Similarly, there were different instruments for different requirements,” Mahulikar said.

The paper lists 20 types of sharp instruments and 101 blunt ones for surgery.

Scientist Deepak Pental finds the idea of such a session interesting. “I don’t believe in these things but wouldn’t mind such presentations if rigorous scientific questions are posed. What matters is what evidence is being cited. Human imagination is fertile and one can fly without a plane.”